International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

(Saint Louis Code), Electronic version

CHAPTER III. NOMENCLATURE OF TAXA ACCORDING TO THEIR RANK

SECTION 3. NAMES OF GENERA AND SUBDIVISIONS OF GENERA

Article 20

20.1. The name of a genus is a noun in the nominative singular, or a word treated as such, and is written with an initial capital letter (see Art. 60.2). It may be taken from any source whatever, and may even be composed in an absolutely arbitrary manner, but it must not end in -virus.

Ex. 1. Rosa, Convolvulus, Hedysarum, Bartramia, Liquidambar, Gloriosa, Impatiens, Rhododendron, Manihot, Ifloga (an anagram of Filago).

20.2. The name of a genus may not coincide with a technical term currently used in morphology unless it was published before 1 January 1912 and accompanied by a specific name published in accordance with the binary system of Linnaeus.

Ex. 2. "Radicula" (Hill, 1756) coincides with the technical term "radicula" (radicle) and was not accompanied by a specific name in accordance with the binary system of Linnaeus. The name Radicula is correctly attributed to Moench (1794), who first combined it with specific epithets.

Ex. 3. Tuber F. H. Wigg. : Fr., when published in 1780, was accompanied by a binary specific name (Tuber gulosorum F. H. Wigg.) and is therefore validly published.

Ex. 4. The intended generic names "Lanceolatus" (Plumstead, 1952) and "Lobata" (Chapman, 1952) coincide with technical terms and are therefore not validly published.

Ex. 5. Words such as "radix", "caulis", "folium", "spina", etc., cannot now be validly published as generic names.

20.3. The name of a genus may not consist of two words, unless these words are joined by a hyphen.

Ex. 6. "Uva ursi", as originally published by Miller (1754), consisted of two separate words unconnected by a hyphen, and is therefore not validly published (Art. 32.1(b)); the name is correctly attributed to Duhamel (1755) as Uva-ursi (hyphenated when published).

Ex. 7. However, names such as Quisqualis L. (formed by combining two words into one when originally published), Sebastiano-schaueria Nees, and Neves-armondia K. Schum. (both hyphenated when originally published) are validly published.

Note 1. The names of intergeneric hybrids are formed according to the provisions of Art. H.6.

20.4. The following are not to be regarded as generic names:

(a) Words not intended as names.

Ex. 8. The designation "Anonymos" was applied by Walter (Fl. Carol.: 2, 4, 9, etc. 1788) to 28 different genera to indicate that they were without names.

Ex. 9. "Schaenoides" and "Scirpoides", as used by Rottbøll (Descr. Pl. Rar. Progr.: 14, 27. 1772) to indicate unnamed genera resembling Schoenus and Scirpus which he stated (on p. 7) he intended to name later, are token words and not generic names. These unnamed genera were later legitimately named Kyllinga Rottb. and Fuirena Rottb.

(b) Unitary designations of species.

Note 2. Examples such as "Leptostachys" and "Anthopogon", listed in pre-Tokyo editions of the Code, were from publications now listed in App. V.

Recommendation 20A

20A.1. Authors forming generic names should comply with the following advice:

(a) To use Latin terminations insofar as possible.

(b) To avoid names not readily adaptable to the Latin language.

(c) Not to make names which are very long or difficult to pronounce in Latin.

(d) Not to make names by combining words from different languages.

(e) To indicate, if possible, by the formation or ending of the name the affinities or analogies of the genus.

(f) To avoid adjectives used as nouns.

(g) Not to use a name similar to or derived from the epithet in the name of one of the species of the genus.

(h) Not to dedicate genera to persons quite unconnected with botany or at least with natural science.

(i) To give a feminine form to all personal generic names, whether they commemorate a man or a woman (see Rec. 60B).

(j) Not to form generic names by combining parts of two existing generic names, because such names are likely to be confused with nothogeneric names (see Art. H.6).

Ex. 1. Hordelymus (K. Jess.) K. Jess. is based on Hordeum subg. Hordelymus K. Jess. The subgeneric epithet was formed by combining parts of the generic names Hordeum L. and Elymus L. (see also Art. H.3 Ex. 2).

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(a)	To use Latin terminations insofar as possible.
(b)	To avoid names not readily adaptable to the Latin language.
(c)	Not to make names which are very long or difficult to pronounce in Latin.
(d)	Not to make names by combining words from different languages.
(e)	To indicate, if possible, by the formation or ending of the name the affinities or analogies of the genus.
(f)	To avoid adjectives used as nouns.
(g)	Not to use a name similar to or derived from the epithet in the name of one of the species of the genus.
(h)	Not to dedicate genera to persons quite unconnected with botany or at least with natural science.
(i)	To give a feminine form to all personal generic names, whether they commemorate a man or a woman (see Rec. 60B).
(j)	Not to form generic names by combining parts of two existing generic names, because such names are likely to be confused with nothogeneric names (see Art. H.6).