INTERNET DIRECTORY FOR BOTANY: VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES

Original location of this page: http://www.helsinki.fi/kmus/botvasc.html

FAMILY DESCRIPTIONS, MORPHOLOGY, NOMENCLATURE, ETC.

• Angiosperm Anatomy, maintained by Roy Volkwyn, Biology Section of the Western Cape Education Department in South Africa.
• Basic classification of fruits of flowering plants (Angiosperm), by Dianne Wilford, UK
• Bucknell University, Systematic Botany (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA). Plant Systematics course, with plant photographs, plant quiz, plant identification.
• Carnivorous Plant Archive, University of New Mexico, USA
• A classification of flowering plants - Kåre Bremer, Birgitta Bremer and Mats Thulin, 1997
• Concordance of family names, prepared by James L. Reveal, Department of Plant Biology, University of Maryland, USA.This concordance of flowering plant family names has been prepared at the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and is intended as a quick search database for family names and their alternative uses by Cronquist, Dahlgren and Thorne. When available, Takhtajan's nomenclature will be added. This information also supplements the treatment given in the first volume of Flora North America and brings that listing up-to-date. For a complete concordance of the current systems in use presently, see the concordance of family names used in PBIO 250, the Plant taxonomy class offered at the University of Maryland. Fully annotated phylogenetic arrangements of the flowering plants is also available from the same source for Cronquist, Dahlgren, and Thorne.
• CSUBIOWEB Fruit Key. Created by Steven J. Wolf, California State University, Stanislaus, USA.
• Databases at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Here you can find the 1) List of the Vascular Plant Families and Genera. The data presented in this database are taken from the publication Vascular Plant Families and Genera compiled by R.K.Brummitt and published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1992; 2) List of Authors of Plant Names. The data presented here are taken from the publication Authors of Plant Names, ed. R.K.Brummitt & C.E.Powell and published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 1992; 3) DNA Databases.
• The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions and Illustrations, Watson, L. & Dallwitz, M.J. (1995 onwards); from Kansas, USA.
• Field Systematic Botany (Botany 620), Department of Biology, Texas A&M University.
• Flowering Plant Families. Illustrates the "required" families for Ray Phillip's Biology 211 class at the Department of Biology, Colby College, Maine, USA. Includes a short list of diagnostic characteristics for each group, with three or more images of plants for each family. An innovative Web resource is the World Wide Flowering Plant Family Identification Key , a WWW implementation of the Hansen and Rahn punched card system for flowering plant family identification. Select from a list of 174 morphological characteristics of a specimen and six geographical regions. The system then provides some suggestions for the family of the specimen.
• Flowering Plant Gateway (Texas A&M University Bioinformatics Group). The selection options at the base of this page provide various paths for exploration or comparison of three major systems of flowering plant classification and links (over 7,000), via selection of the Family name, that query a full text index that carries relevant URLs (family-specific data or information on important taxa of the target family).
• Genus of the Week. A different genus is featured each week on this site, giving information about the plant, its growth habit, the etymology of the plant name, interesting notes, and selected links to images and references elsewhere. Maintained by Jennifer Forman, Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Boston, USA.
• Indices Nominum supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium: Alphabetical Listing by Genera of Validly Published Suprageneric Names by James L. Reveal, Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland.
• Latest NEWS on Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature (compiled by James L. Reveal, Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland, USA)
• Los árboles en España (Trees of Spain). Base de datos de los arboles presentes en España, la corteza de los árboles, los frutos de los árboles, temas de arboricultura urbana y otros artículos sobre plantas. Ilustrada con numerosaas fotografías.
• Parasitic Flowering Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, Germany. Research on parasitic flowering plants like mistletoe, broomrape, or dodder and on arbuscular mycorrhiza of saprophytic i.e. myco-heterotrophic flowering plants (like Voyria, Triuris, Burmannia, Apteria, a.o.), as well as arnica, gentians, ginseng, and other medicinal plants, ornamentals, or crops.
• Plant Biology 100 - General Botany for Non-Science Majors by James L. Reveal, Department of Plant Biology, University of Maryland, USA
• Plant Biology 250 - Plant Taxonomy by James L. Reveal, Department of Plant Biology, University of Maryland, USA. This includes the modern classification systems of the angiosperms: Cronquist System of Angiosperm Classification, Dahlgren System of Angiosperm Classification, Thorne System of Angiosperm Classification.
• TreeWeb: The Natural History of Trees
• Vascular Plant Family Access Page (Gerald D. Carr, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Botany Department, USA). Large image collection of Hawaiian vascular plants.
• Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature by James L. Reveal, Department of Plant Biology, University of Maryland, USA. - Extant Vascular Plant Family Names, Extant Vascular Plant Family Names in Current Use, Extant Vascular Plant Ordinal Names, Extant Vascular Plant Superordinal Names. What is presented here are a full listing of all validly published (and thus both legitimate and illegimate) family names (very long!) and a List of Families. The latter basically is a raw list of accepted family names. An additional set of listings of accepted family name and synonymy, with authorship and dates of publication as I outline the families is also provided. To aid those interested in higher ranks, those of order and superorder are available. As more information is obtained of the ranks of division/phylum and class, these will be added. These files may be printed out at any time.
• The West Virginia University Tree Bark Web Site. This site was designed to provide a place to learn about the anatomy and physiology of tree bark, fungal canker diseases that affect tree bark, the wound responses of injured tree bark, and the role of wound responses in the resistance of living tree bark to wound pathogens.

PTERIDOPHYTES

• The Azolla Page, from the Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon University, Centre for Environmental Biology (CEB), Portugal. This site is an international forum of discussion and diffusion on Azolla.
• Ceratopteris - A Simple Model Plant System, USA
• Ferns and Man in New Guinea, from Australia. Text by J.R. Croft (a paper presented to Papua New Guinea Botany Society, 1982).
• Ferns of the Canberra Region (David and Christopher Nicholls, Australia)
• The Isoëtes Page. The site is dedicated to the genus Isoëtes (Lycopodiophyta), in particular to the Mediterranean species. Natural history of these fern allies is described. These plants are under study by the "Laboratorio di Fisiologia Vegetale e Micropropagazione", Department of Botany, University of Palermo, Italy. Studies are concerned with anatomy, morphology, taxonomy, karyology. The site was made and is maintained by dr. Angelo Troia.
• John Knouse on Ferns and Fern Allies. Clasification, bibliography, lcoal checklists etc.

GYMNOSPERMS

• The Ancient Bristlecone Pine. Facts about the more than 4,700-year-old pine in White-Inyo mountain range of California, USA
• Coastal Redwood Trees Essays. The essays are transcripts of talks given in Humboldt County in 1965 by professors of the U.C. Berkeley School of Forestry. They were duplicated on mimeographed paper, and filed in the U.C. Berkeley Forestry Library. In the interest of preserving them, they were OCRed, and converted into WWW documents.
• Gymnosperm Database. Descriptions, ranges, ecological, taxonomic and ethnobotanical data for all taxa of the gymnosperms (Division Pinophyta). Webmaster Christopher J. Earle, Seattle, Washington, USA.
• A Key to Gingkos Survival by N. Snigirevskaya, Saint Petersburg, Russia. The article is from IOP Newsletter 52, and is available via the server of the International Organization of Paleobotany, UK
• Pine Cone Identification Page (University of Delaware Botanical Garden, USA)
• Trees of the Pacific Northwest. Tree identification Home Page at Oregon State University. The purpose of this site is to help you identify common conifers in the Pacific Northwest.Information about the conifers of Oregon, USA, including a dichotomous key for their identification.
• Utilization of Pinus patula: an annotated bibliography, from Oxfod, UK; bibliogarphy compiled by J.A. Wright 1994.

ANGIOSPERMS

• Agavaceae
  • Agavaceae and Related Families, by David Bogler at the University of Texas in Austin, USA
• Amaryllidaceae
  • Notes on Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) species by D.A. Cooke & Phan Yen Leng.
• Annonaceae
  • Xylopia Monograph Project (Jason Swallen Herbarium, Ohio Wesleyan University). Monographic work on the tropical tree and shrub genus Xylopia, with an online database of Xylopia specimens used in research.
• Apocynaceae
  • The Apocynaceae of Mexico (by Justin K. Williams, University of Texas at Austin, USA). Key and images.
• Araceae
  • Araliales Resource Centre by Mark Watson and Martin Pullan, RBG Edinburgh, UK. The Araliales Resource Centre enables access to a wide variety of information relating to the plant families Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) and Araliaceae. This first stage contains data on 100 researchers worldwide, on-going projects, publications and much more additional relevant information.
  • Cryptocoryne (Araceae). The Crypts Pages by Jan D. Bastmeier, the Netherlands, deal with the cultivation and taxonomy of Cryptocoryne (Araceae). Many pictures to show the variation in the species, a list of synonyms, and links to other relevant sites.
  • The Genus Dracontium L. (Araceae) by Guanghua Zhu, MoBot, USA
  • The Family Araceae by IAS, MoBot, USA
  • A Revision of Anthurium Section Pachyneurium (ARACEAE), Thomas B. Croat, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 539-855. 1991.
  • A Taxonomic Revision of Pseudodracontium (Araceae), Russia. The database maintained using FLORIN Information System represents the taxonomic revision of the Indochinese endemic Pseudodracontium N.E. Brown (Serebryanyi, 1995. Blumea 40: 217-235). New version of the database also comprises slides of Pseudodracontium species.
• Arecaceae (Palmae)
  • The European Palm Society
  • Growing Hardy Palms (Arecaceae / Palmae; Leonard Holmes, USA). Information on species of palms which are easily grown in temperate areas. Includes cultural information, tips for winter protection, sources for plants, links to other sites.
  • The North American and Caribbean Palms, Arecaceae (Palmae) by Robert B. Hole, Jr., USA.
  • Palm information developed by Dr. Henry Donselman, Palm Trees, Tropicals, Subtropicals
  • Palms of the World. This site, maintained by Mike Maxson in USA, was designed to expose people to the many different palms (Arecaceae/Palmae) located throughout the world and provide links to other palm information on the www.
  • Saw-palmetto: an Ecologically and Economically Important Native Palm by George Tanner, J. Jeffrey Mullahey, and David Maehr, University of Florida, USA. Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), also known as palmetto, is endemic to the southeastern United States.
• Asclepiadaceae
  • The Asclepiad Page by Richard Hodgkiss, UK.
  • Hoya (Asclepiadaceae) - "Ohh Yeah Hoya" by Edward Gilding, USA
• Asteraceae
  • American Dahlia Society
  • Arnica (Asteraceae) Type Specimen Database
  • Cirsium Web Sites (P. Barlow, USA). Information and images of Cirsium and related thistle genera.
  • Dahlia - What A Flower (Dale Bishop, Oregon, USA)
  • Dahlia variabilis Diseases (Texas Plant Disease Handbook)
  • Hawaiian Silversword Alliance by Dr. Gerald Carr, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA. All 28 species of Argyroxiphium, Dubautia, and Wilkesia comprising the Hawaiian silversword alliance are illustrated and characterized. Features of the adaptive radiation of this group, including stature and habit, flower and fruit diversity, leaf morphology and anatomy, ecological and physiological adaptations, chromosomal diversity, chemical evolution, genetic variation, hybridization, molecular evolution, and origin and relationships are treated in a series of expository web pages.
  • Palynology of the genus Centaurea (Compositae), Russia. The database maintained by FLORIN Information System comprises detailed pollen descriptions, photos, drawings of pollen types, as well as identification key.
  • The Sunflower-Girasol Page of Luis F. Hernández, Agronomy Department, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
  • Texas Sunflowers (Helianthus). A collaborative project of the Flora of Texas Consortium, USA.
• Bignoniaceae
  • The Alwyn H. Gentry Bignoniaceae Dataset. During the later years of his scientific career, A. H. Gentry recorded his specimen determinations in a computerized database. This data is now available from the Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • A Review of the genus Eccremocarpus (Bignoniaceae), William G. D'Arcy, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Bromeliaceae
  • Bromeliad Biota. Maintained by Howard Frank, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
  • Bromeliads Index
  • Bromeliad Society International. The purposes of the Bromeliad Society International are to promote and maintain public and scientific interest in the research, development, preservation , and distribution of bromeliads, both natural and hybrid,throughout the world, and to promote fellowship. The site contains information from around the world on culture, events, affiliated societies, and publications relating to Bromeliads.
  • Costa Rican Bromeliads (imge collection)
  • Native Bromeliaceae of South Florida, USA
  • Systematics and Biogeography of Bromeliaceae (David Taylor, USA)
  • Virtual Bromeliad Society
• Cactaceae
  • See also the IDB botanical societies page!
  • The Austrian Cactus Page by Hannes Proschko.
  • BONAP Cactaceae Listing, USA. Standardized nomenclature following ©John T. Kartesz. 1994. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. The Biota of North America Program of the North Carolina Botanical Garden.
  • Brazilian Cacti Project, dedicated to the popularization and conservation of the Cactus family (Cactaceae) that occur in Brazil (in English and Portuguese).
  • Cacti of the El Paso, Texas Region, USA. The text and photographs on this page were contributed by Clark Champie who has written two books on the cacti of this area.
  • Cactus and more from the Texas Hill Country, USA.Cacti pictures of Bob Crabb.
  • Cacti in Mexico - photograph collection by Clarke Brunt
  • The Cactus and Succulent Plant Mall, UK
  • Echinocereus Online. Echinocereus Online Magazine by Martina & Andreas Ohr, Germany - monthly electronic magazine in German and English.
  • Kaktusz világ (Cactus World) by Csaba I. Kadar, Hungary
  • Last Peyotero Cactus and Succulent pages, Italy
  • The Mammillaria Society, UK

• Caprifoliaceae

  • WEIGELA - Ein Sichtungsversuch

• Casuarianaceae
  • Casuarinaceae nomenclature and distribution. This dataset maintained in the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Australia, gives type, protologue, synonym and geographical distribution for all names in Casuarinaceae that have been used in recent times.
• Chenopodiaceae
  • BONAP Chenopodiaceae Listing, USA. Standardized nomenclature following ©John T. Kartesz. 1994. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. The Biota of North America Program of the North Carolina Botanical Garden; with data from Stephan L. Hatch, Kancheepuram N. Gandhi, and Larry E. Brown. 1990. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Texas.
• Cichoriaceae
  • Hieracium Discussion Group (send e-mail to listserver@savba.sk, subject: subscribe hieracium First name_Family name)
• Convolvulaceae
  • Morning Glories Unlimited (Daniel F. Austin, USA). Home Page for Morning Glories (Ipomoea, Convolvulaceae), comprising 55 genera and over 1600 species. These are primarily tropical plants, with a number of genera being endemic to tropical landmasses. This Website brings together available information, and some of the people studying the family.
• Cucurbitaceae
  • The Cucurbit Network, USA. In 1994, The Cucurbit Network was created and is currently managed by cucurbit scientists, Deena Decker-Walters, Thomas Andres, and Terrence Walters. Their goals are to disseminate news of recent developments concerning cucurbits and to promote the conservation and understanding of this plant family through education and research. The network provides information and news on the cucumber, gourd, melon, pumpkin, squash family (Cucurbitaceae).
  • Free-living Cucurbita pepo in the United States - Viral Resistance, Gene Flow, and Risk Assessment by Hugh Wilson, Texas A&M University.
• Cyclanthaceae
  • Systematics of the Cyclanthaceae, especially Sphaeradenia and Chorigyne, a paper by Roger Eriksson, Göteborg, Sweden
• Cyperaceae
  • CyberSedge - Carex image collection (Texas A&M University Bioinformatics Working Group). Images from the TAMU-BWG Vascular Plant Image Database. These from illustrations created by Harry Charles Creutzburg for Kenneth Kent Mackenzie's (1940) North American Cariceae, two volumes edited by Harold William Rickett and published by the New York Botanical Garden.
• Ericaceae
  • Ericaceae of Ecuador.Taxonomic treatment of the 235 species of Ericaceae in Ecuador, including keys, descriptions, and color images. The taxonomic treatment is by James L. Luteyn and is extracted from the Flora of Ecuador series vol. 54, published in 1996.
  • Neotropical Blueberries (Ericaceae) by James L. Luteyn, New York Botanical Garden. The site provides access to databases, keys, descriptions, color images, distribution maps, local names and uses of neotropical Ericaceae. The site also includes monographic and floristic studies reflecting Luteyn's 30 years of research on the family, as well as that of some of his ericologist colleagues.
  • The Rhododendron Page, an on-line reference to the genus Rhododendron (Ericaceae) by Robert J. McKenzie, Tyler Arboretum.
• Fagaceae
  • Fagaceae Network, L'Institut Botanique - L'Université Montpellier II, France.
• Gentianaceae
  • Two occurrences of Desert Elkweed Swertia albomarginata (S. Watson) Kuntze, Gentianaceae, in the Mid Hills, Eastern Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California, article of Tom Schweich, USA.
• Geraniaceae
  • World Wide Erodium (Peter Brouwer, the Netherlands)
• Gesneriaceae
  • African Violets from Aggie Horticulture, from Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, USA. Information on the genus Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae).
  • American Gloxinia & Gesneriad Society Home Page, USA
  • AVSA (The African Violet Society of America) On Line, USA.
  • Annotated Bibliography of the Gesneriaceae, USA. This bibliography was developed in the Department of Botany, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, to facilitate taxonomic research on the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae.
  • The Gesneriad Reference Web by Ronald Myhr, Canada. The Gesneriad Reference Web is a large site with over 700 pages of high resolution images of gesneriads (organized alphabetically and by genus), as well as a series of articles on the taxonomy and botany of various gesneriad genera written by experts. Gesneriads are the horticulturally-desirable plant family to which African Violets, Gloxinias, "lipstick plants" and many other decorative species and hybrids belong. The author of the site is the founder of the Toronto Gesneriad Society and the immediate past editor of the newsletter of the Gesneriad Hybridizers' Association.
  • Gesneriads page by Wallace Wells, USA.
  • Room of Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae), by Ken'ichi Okishita from Japan.
  • Triangle African Violet Society, North Carolina, USA. The Triangle AVSA is an official African Violet Society of America affiliate located in the Research Triangle Park, NC area. The purpose of the Triangle AVSA is to share information and knowledge concerning the culture, showing, propagation, grooming, and buying of African Violets.
• Heliconiaceae
  • Heliconia in Brazil by Affonso Beato
• Hemerocallidaceae
  • Daylilies Growing Along the Information Highway, USA
  • The Daylily Place, USA.
  • Home Page for the Friends of the Daylilies, USA. Hemerocallis information by by Friends of the Daylilies - a group of American Hemerocallis Society members.
• Iridaceae
  • Home Page for Irises (Iridaceae) by David Pane Joyce, USA. This page includes links to information on irises across the web. Also, at this site there is a description of the genus Iris, a bibliography, and a list of Iris societies.
  • Watsonias and Lycoris in Australian Gardens
• Lamiaceae
  • The Lamiales Pages (Alan Paton, RBG Kew, UK)
  • The Mints of Texas. A collaborative project of the General Libraries and the Plant Resources Center, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
• Lemnaceae
  • Duckweed (Lemnaceae): The Three Genera
  • Wayne P. Armstrong's Key to the Lemnaceae of western North America, Oregon State University
• Loranthaceae
  • The Mistletoe Center at USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Flagstaff Lab, USA
• Lythraceae
  • Lythraceae, The Loostrifes. The genera of North America, including Mexico and Central America by Shirley A. Graham, Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, USA.
• Leguminosae:
  • Acacias at the Australian National Botanic Gardens
  • The Amazing Story of Kudzu, from the The University of Alabama Center for Public Television. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata, Fabaceae) a Japanese fast-growing vine introduced in the late 1800s to the USA. Here is the story of its history in the USA, and many links to other sites with kudzu pages.
  • The Bean Bag (gopher), Cornell, USA /// The Bean Bag (WWW version from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, UK). - Directory of readers of the Bean Bag, from RBG Kew.
  • Bean Genes Homepage. A Phaseolus/Vigna database, Phillip E. McClean, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA.
  • BeanRef is a collection of references to different aspects of research on beans (Phaseolus and Vigna; Fabaceae), maintained by Mario Nenno, Devision of Cell Biology,at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.
  • FAO Tropical Weeds Database: Legumes, Oxford, UK.
  • The Leucnet News Home Page. The newsletter of the International Leucaena Research and Development Network.
  • LOTUS Database, by Tatjana E. Kramina, Moscow, Russia. The database includes information on taxonomy, geographic distribution and herbarium collections of the genus Lotus L. (Leguminosae Juss.), with special attention to the section Lotus. Taxonomic information stored in the database comprises protologues, taxonomic citations, morphological descriptions, synonymy and citation of types. In LOTUS Database you can also find data on herbarium specimens from K, W, LE, KW, PR, MW, LW, LWS, MSK and other herbaria.
• Melastomataceae
  • Miconia (Melastomataceae) in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, by BDT (Base de Dados Tropical), Brazil. Information on the Miconia species occuring in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo. This information was collected by researchers from the Biology Department of the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and from the Bioscience Department of the State University of Sao Paulo (USP). The 53 species listed and described here probably represent all taxa of the genus that can be expected to occur in this State. A "clickable" identification key is also included with pictures and figures of species and determinant characteristics. All information is in portuguese.
• Moringaceae
  • Moringaceae - The Moringa Home Page by Mark Olson at MoBot., USA
• Myrtaceae
  • Eucalypt Collaborative Data Set Project from Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australia.
  • Leptospermum namadgiensis - a new species of Tea-tree, Myrtaceae. Extracted from the Newsletter of the Friends of the Australian National Botanic Gardens, May 1993. The technical paper on this species is also available. ], Andrew Lyne ( al@anbg.gov.au ), Herbarium, Australian National Botanic Gardens
• Oleaceae
  • Fraxinus and Oleaceae research and links by Eva Wallander, Göteborg, Sweden. Classification of Fraxinus and Oleaceae, images and information on the flowering ecology of some Fraxinus species, reference list of papers about Fraxinus, and wind-pollination, and a lot of links to other sites with information on Fraxinus and Oleaceae.
  • Los Jazmines cultivadoes en España
• Orchidaceae
  • American Orchid Society Culture Sheets for the cultivation of various types of orchids.
  • An annotated check-list of the genus Paphiopedilum, Orchidaceae, by Harold Koopowitz, University of California at Irvine Arboretum, USA.
  • Berichte aus den Arbeitskreisen Heimische Orchideen (Germany)
  • Canadian Orchid Congress. The purpose of the Canadian Orchid Congress is to improve the relationship among orchid societies in Canada by meetings devoted to the advancement of knowledge and appreciation of orchids in Canada.
  • Checklist of the Orchids of North America north of Mexico
  • Endemic Orchids in the Mediterranean Isles by Carlo del Prete, Botanical Garden, University of Modena
  • Fleur's Place. Orchid pictures.
  • G.I.R.O.S., Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Orchidee Spontanee (Italian Group for the Research on Wild Orchids), from Pisa, Italy.
  • Linda Fortner's Orchid Page, USA. Information on orchid flowers, a short history, photo gallery, glossary of terms, a FAQ on growing orchids, Latin & common names of orchids, phylogeny and lots of orchid links. Included are a comprehensive illustrated orchid dictionary containing the descriptions of over 1,000 orchid genera, a comprehensive glossary, bibliography, and book lists as well as a hybrid to species cross-reference, and an extensive photo gallery. There are growing tips, selected links, an interactive Orchid FAQ and much more.
  • Native Michigan Orchids, images by Nicholas Plummer, USA.
  • The Orchid House. This WWW site is aimed at providing information for the orchid hobbiest. It is maintained by Jerry Bolce, jerry@dcs1.uwaterloo.ca, Canada.
  • Native Orchids of Pennsylvania, USA.
  • Newsletter of the Ann Arbor Orchid Society, USA
  • The Orchid Conservatory, USA.
  • The Orchid Mall (Carson E. Whitlow, USA). The Orchid Mall is a listing of links to pages containing orchid related material. For example, the Photopage links many sites of orchid photographs. The Reading Room lists sites of interesting information. The Society Page is a page of links to the many Orchid Societies which have pages on the www. Also, there are pages for thoseinterested in purchasing plants and/or supplies, software and other orchid related material.
  • Orchids of Mt. Kinabalu, Malaysia. Maintained in the Herbarium of the University of Florida, USA. Taxonomic treatment and generic descriptions are the work of J. J. Wood, and are published in hard-copy by Wood, Beaman & Beaman, 1993, Flora of Mount Kinabalu, Volume 2: Orchids. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.
  • Orchid Photo Page by Greg Allikas, USA.
  • Orchidaceae in Italy and Orchids of Italy. The latter link leads a collection of orchid pictures by B. Barsella (Department of Physics - University of Pisa, Italy).
  • Orchidées de Provence, France. Distribution maps, photos and bibliography of the orchids of Provence, and links to other orchid sites; maintained by Pierre-Michel Blais.
  • OrchidMania. OrchidMania is an all-volunteer nonprofit organization which provides financial support to grassroots AIDS relief and prevention programs around the world.
  • OrchidNet Homepage by Jon Bertsch, USA
  • Orchid Research Newsletters from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, UK.
  • Orchids of Biebrza National Park (N-E Poland) by Cezary Werpachowski
  • Orchids of Indonesia
  • Orchids of Wisconsin, USA. An interactive key created by Jeff Hapemann, University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA.
  • Orchid Picture Gallery (Windowsill Orchids) by Nicholas Plummer, USA
  • The Orchid Weblopedia from University of California, Irvine, USA.
  • Orchid WWW Sites by Steve Saunders.
  • Photo album of Costa Rican Orchid Speciesby the Lankester Botanical Garden.
  • Pollinia: Orchids on the Net, Canada
  • Silvia & Cedric's UK Orchid Pages
  • Societe francaise d'orchidophilie (French Orchid Society) has a lot of information on French and other European orchids, including a list of all European taxa, with keys, images and distribution maps.
  • An article on Spiranthes cernua odorata by Barry Glick, Sunshine Farms & Gardens, West Virginia, USA.
  • Thai Orchid Species. Scientific and local names, origins, flowering, phenology, images.
  • World Orchid Conference 1999, Vancouver, Canada. The world's largest scientific and horticultural conference dedicated to Orchids comes to Vancouver, Canada from April 28th to May 2nd, 1999.
• Papaveraceae
  • The Genus Eschscholzia: California Poppies and Their Relatives by Curtis Clark, Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, USA.
• Piperaceae
  • The Peperomia Page and Peperomia and Exotic Plant Society, UK
• Poaceae
  • The American Bamboo Society, USA
  • The Australian Bamboo Network
  • Bamboo Web, from Hawaii, USA.
  • Bamboo Bibliographie of Jean Dupin, UK.
  • Checklist of the family Poaceae in Argentina, Missouri Botanical Garden gopher, St. Louis, USA.
  • Checklist of the Grasses of Montana by the Montana State University Herbarium. This project is planned to ultimately include for each species a distribution map, habitat description, morphological diagnosis, and (for many) relevant pictures.
  • Grasses of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago S. G. Aiken, L. L. Consaul, and M. J. Dallwitz
  • Grass Genera of the World by L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz, Australia
  • Grass Images (Texas A&M University Bioinformatics Working Group). Taxa represented in the TAMU-BWG Image Database. Image files available here are mostly derived from collaboration with the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation and the Texas A&M University Press.
  • Grass (Poaceae, Gramineae) Research at the Smithsonian Institution, USA. This site includes a Catalogue of New World Grasses database. The Catalogue includes nomenclature and taxonomy, including literature references, types, and geographic distribution for some 24,000 names. The site also contains an annotated catalogue of the C. B. Trinius Gramineae Herbarium (LE) in St. Petersburg (Russia), and a link to plant taxonomic databases at the Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Grass Varieties in the United States. Agriculture Handbook No. 170, James Alderson (Plant Materials Specialist, Temple, Texas) & W. Curtis Sharp (Plant Materials Specialist, Washington, D.C., Soil Conservation Service), USDA, Washington, D.C., revised November 1993.
  • Manual of North American Grasses, by the Intermountain Herbarium, Utah, USA. The Manual will provide identification keys, descriptions, illustrations, and synonymy for all grasses that have been found growing outside of cultivation in North America north of Mexico. It also includes many species that are known only from cultivation, but the coverage of such species will be incomplete, partly because there are few specimens of such species in herbaria but also because the number is constantly increasing.
  • New World Grass Checklist, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA
  • Pooidae (Poaceae) in Australia by C.M. Weiller, M.J. Henwood, J. Lenz and L. Watson. These descriptions encompass the six tribes, 59 genera and 303 taxa of specific and subspecific rank of the subfamily Pooideae currently recognised in Australia. The database from which the descriptions have been generated is under development, and part of the genus Bromus (tribe Bromeae) and several species from tribe Aveneae are still to be incorporated. Some of the images referred to in the descriptions are not yet available. Descriptions were generated from a DELTA database by CONFOR.
  • Stinger's Bamboo Links and Information, University of Florida, USA
• Polygalaceae
  • Polygalaceae of the Guianas (Arian Jacobs, the Netherlands)
• Proteaceae
  • The Grevillea Page, by the Society for Growing Australian Plants
• Rafflesiaceae
  • Rafflesia On-Line from the Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia.
• Ranunculaceae
  • Helleborus Breeding Program of the Sunshine Farms & Gardens, West Virginia, USA; with images.
  • The Ranunculus Home Page (Andrew Spink, Wageningen, the Netherlands). Literature review of riverine Batrachian Ranunculus ecology, list of scientific references dealing with Ranunculus (including abstracts of author's own papers), and some illustrations.
• Rhamnaceae
  • Cliff Schmidt's Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) Descriptions Home Page, Oregon State University, USA.
• Rosaceae
  • Multiple-entry keys to Crataegus (Rosaceae) by Knud Ib Christensen, Royal Veterinary & Agricultural University, Arboretum, Hoersholm, Denmark. DELTA and MEKA format multiple-entry keys (polyclave keys) to Crataegus in the western parts of the Old World (including taxa cultivated in Scandinavia).
  • Rosaceae Home Page.Rosaceae lecture for Plant Biology 260 at the University of Illinois, USA. This web page was prepared by Kenneth R. Robertson.
• Rubiaceae
  • Direct Source Home Page. Information on Cat's Claw (Uncaria tomentosa), a herb found in the upper Rain Forest in Peru.
  • Genera of the Rubiaceae - database of Elmar Robbrecht, Belgium. A worldwide database informing on tribal position or synonymy, number of species (worldwide), geographical distribution, etymology and useful treatment.
  • Rubiaceae page by Chris Puttock, Australia. Database on Rubiaceae species, information on flora projects, Rubiaceae listserver and newsletter.
• Salicaceae
  • Key to Danish Salix / Bestemmelsesnøgle til danske Salix by Knud Ib Christensen, Denmark
  • Poplars and Willows on the World Wide Web. Home of Populus and Salix (Salicaceae) information, maintained by Carl G. Riches, University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, Seattle, USA.
  • Salicaceae in Finland: distribution maps of the native and established species willow and poplar maps by Raino Lampinen, Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History.
  • Willow Cultivation in Finland by Liisa Tahvanainen.
• Scrophulariaceae
  • Penstemon Website. Penstemon (Beardtongue, Scrophiulariaceae) information by Andrea D. Wolfe, Department of Plant Biology at the Ohio State University, USA.
  • A phylogenetic and biogeographic study of the genus Verbascum in Greece (Knud Ib Christensen, Denmark)
  • Scrophulariaceae Gopher in the British Museum of Natural History, UK, includes selected information from other databases including the Linnaean Typification Project, the European Plant Information Centre, TROPICOS, the Smithsonian Type Register, the Field Museum catalogue of photographs of types and the Australian Plant Name Index.
  • Snapdragon home page (Antirrhinum majus). This page collects available data about the genetics of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus).
  • Tetranema (Scrophulariaceae) in Costa Rica with two new species (from INBio, Costa Rica) - Tetranema (Scrophulariaceae) in Costa Rica with two new species (from Missouri Botanical Garden). This paper of Michael H. Grayum and Barry E. Hammel, Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, USA. In preparation for the Manual to the Plants of Costa Rica, this paper was reviewed and mailed to Phytologia on 16 Feb. 1996. It was made available at two Web sites ( INBio, MO) on March 1, 1996.
• Solanaceae:
  • Capsicum Information by Mike Bowers - Scientific information on Chile Peppers, University of California, Davis, USA.
  • European Solanaceae Information Network (ESIN), based in the The Botanical Garden of Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
  • La página Web de las Solanaceas. The genera and species of Solanaceae cultivated in Spain.
  • SolGenes - Solanaceae. SolGenes, a Solanaceae Genome Database, is a compilation of molecular and phenotypic information, primarily for tomato, potato, and pepper. Users may browse or search. Searches may be made by: ACEDB Query Language; Fuzzy search (agrep); or WAIS search. Images and searchable volumes of the "Report of the Tomato Genetics Cooperative" are available; also pepper, tomato, and potato maps and map data files are available to browse and download. Solgenes is part of the USDA, ARS, NAL Agricultural Genome Information System.

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